Portuguese version
Pechorro, P., DeLisi, M., Freitas, A., Gonçalves, R., & Nunes, C. (2023). Examination of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory—Short Form among Portuguese young adults: Psychometrics and measurement invariance. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 67(8), 803-821. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211066838
Original version
Weinberger, D. (1991). Social-emotional adjustment in older children and adults: Psychometric properties of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory [Unpublished manuscript]. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland.
Weinberger, D. A. (1997). Distress and self-restraint as measures of adjustment across the life span: Confirmatory factor analyses in clinical and nonclinical samples. Psychological Assessment, 9, 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.9.2.132
Weinberger, D. A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1990). Distress and restraint as superordinate dimensions of self-reported adjustment: A typological perspective. Journal of Personality, 58, 381–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00235.x
WAI Scoring Manual (2012). Selfdefiningmemories. Retrieved September 2021 from http://www.selfdefiningmemories.com/WAI_Scoring_Manual.pdf
Theoretical background:
The WAI is a self-report multidimensional measure of socioemotional adjustment (total of 84 items). Its shorter version, the WAI- Short Form (WAI-SF), possesses the same multidimensional structure of the original WAI, but with less items (total of 37 items). The psychometric properties of the WAI and WAI-SF have been examined in community, forensic and clinical populations, and it can be used across a wide range of ages if the individuals read at or above approximately the fourth-grade level.
Description
Assessment Domain: Socioemotional adjustment.
Type of Instrument: Self-report questionnaire.
Number of items: 84 items.
Population: ≥ fourth-grade level.
Dimensions
The WAI and WAI-SF are composed of two primary scales: Distress (that includes the four subscales Anxiety, Depression, Low Self-Esteem, and Low Well-Being) and Restraint (that includes the four subscales Impulse Control, Suppression of Aggression, Consideration of Others, and Responsibility). The subscales can also be used separately to assess the particular construct of interest (e.g., depression). In addition. there are two defensiveness scales: Denial of Distress, which refers to defensiveness about normative experiences of distress, and Repressive Defensiveness, which refers to claims of nearly absolute restraint, that can also be used separately, and a Validity scale.
Contacts
Pedro Pechorro (ppechorro@gmail.com)
References
- Pechorro, P., DeLisi, M., Freitas, A., Gonçalves, R., & Nunes, C. (2023). Examination of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory—Short Form among Portuguese young adults: Psychometrics and measurement invariance. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 67(8), 803-821. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211066838
- Pechorro, P., Nunes, C., Paulino, M., & Simões, M. R. (2023). Análise psicométrica das Escalas de Defensividade e Validade do Weinberger Adjustment Inventory [Psychometric analysis of the Defensiveness and Validity Scales of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory]. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica, 67(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP67.1.04
- Pechorro, P., Shircliff, K., DeLisi, M., Simoes, M. R., & Cyders, M. A. (2023). Weinberger Adjustment Inventory Portuguese version: A study of cross-cultural adaptation and measurement invariance. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2256261
- Weinberger, D. (1991). Social-emotional adjustment in older children and adults: Psychometric properties of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory [Unpublished manuscript]. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland.
- Weinberger, D. A. (1997). Distress and self-restraint as measures of adjustment across the life span: Confirmatory factor analyses in clinical and nonclinical samples. Psychological Assessment, 9, 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.9.2.132
- Weinberger, D. A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1990). Distress and restraint as superordinate dimensions of self-reported adjustment: A typological perspective. Journal of Personality, 58, 381–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00235.x
- WAI Scoring Manual (2012). Selfdefiningmemories. Retrieved September 2021 from http://www.selfdefiningmemories.com/WAI_Scoring_Manual.pdf