Normative Regulation of Artificial Intelligence
The exploratory project Artificial Intelligence and Corporate Crime has as one of its main objectives to gather the main legislation and documentation in the field of AI at the European, international e national levels. Currently, this information is vast and dispersed. Thus, this page seeks to provide an organization and systematization that facilitates the task of researchers and those interested in the normative regulation of AI. This organization is structured in three parts, each one indicated in the links mentioned above: the first link brings together legislation and official documents on AI in general; in the second, the information was organized from a chronological perspective, useful for an evolutionary understanding; finally, with a complementary and subsidiary purpose, are also available documents and information which despite not having AI as its subject, are still connected to it and are relevant to its comprehension at normative level.
EUROPEAN LEVEL
Report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL))
Issuing Body: Committee on Legal Affairs
Type of document: Report with recommendations
Date: 27/01/2017
Issuing Body: European Parliament
Type of document: Resolution
Date: 02/04/2017
Artificial Intelligence for Europe, COM/2018/237 final (strategy for AI)
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 25/04/2018
Issuing Body: European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)
Date: 04/12/2018
Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence COM(2018) 795 final
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 07/12/2018
Issuing Body: European Economic and Social Committee
Type of document: Opinion
Date: 16/07/2019
Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI
Issuing Body: High-Level expert Group on Artificial Intelligence
Type of document: Guidelines
Date: April/2019
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 08/04/2019
A European strategy for data COM(2020) 66 final
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 19/02/2020
White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: a European approach to excellence and trust
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: White paper
Date: 19/02/2020
Shaping Europe's digital future (COM/2020) 67 final
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 19/02/2020
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Report
Date: 19/02/20
An SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe COM/2020/103 final
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 10/03/2020
Regulating for an Equal AI: a New Role for Equality Bodies
Issuing Body: EQUINET (European Network of Equality Bodies)
Type of document: Report
Date: May/2020
Issuing Body: Committee on Legal Affairs
Type of document: Report
Date: 08/10/20
Issuing Body: European Parliament
Type of document: Resolution
Date: 20/10/2020
Fostering a European approach to Artificial Intelligence COM/2021/205 final
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Communication
Date: 21/04/2021
Issuing Body: European Parliament
Type of document: Proposal for a Regulation
Date: 21/04/2021
Issuing Body: Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection
Type of document: Motion for an European Parliament Resolution
Date: 27/04/2021
Issuing Body: European Parliament
Type of document: Resolution
Date: 20/05/2021
Issuing Body: European Parliament
Type of document: Resolution
Date: 06/10/2021
European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the Digital Decade
Issuing Body: European Commission
Type of document: Declaration of Rights
Date: 26/01/2022
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
The age of digital interdependence
Issuing Body: UN
Date: June/2019
Artificial Intelligence in Society
Issuing Body: OECD
Date: 2019
Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence
Issuing Body: UNESCO
Date: 2021
NATIONAL LEVEL
Carta Portuguesa de Direitos Humanos na Era Digital (Lei 27/2021)
Issuing Body: Portuguese National Assembly
Date: 09/06/2021
Regime jurídico da Segurança do Ciberespaço (Decreto-Lei n.º 65/2021)
Issuing Body: Portuguese National Assembly
Date: 30/07/2021
|
Level |
Data |
Title |
Type of document |
Issuing body |
|
European |
27/01/17 |
Report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL)) |
Report |
Committee on Legal Affairs |
|
European |
02/04/17 |
European Parliament resolution with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL)) |
European Parliament resolution |
European Parliament |
|
European |
25/04/18 |
Artificial Intelligence for Europe, COM/2018/237 final (strategy for AI) |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
04/12/18 |
European ethical Charter on the use of Artificial Intelligence in judicial systems and their environment |
European charter |
European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) |
|
European |
07/12/18 |
Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence COM(2018) 795 final |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
16/07/19 |
Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence |
Opinion |
European Economic and Social Committee |
|
European |
Abril/19 |
Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI |
Guidelines |
High-Level expert Group on AI |
|
International |
Jun/19 |
The age of digital interdependence |
Report |
UN |
|
International |
2019 |
Artificial intelligence in Society |
Report |
OECD |
|
European |
08/04/19 |
Building Trust In Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
19/02/20 |
A European strategy for data COM(2020) 66 final |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
19/02/20 |
White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: a European approach to excellence and trust |
White Paper |
European Commission |
|
European |
19/02/20 |
Shaping Europe's digital future (COM/2020) 67 final |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
19/02/20 |
Report on the safety and liability implications of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics COM/2020/64 final |
Report |
European Commission |
|
European |
10/03/20 |
An SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe COM/2020/103 final |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
Jun/20 |
Regulating for an Equal AI: a New Role for Equality Bodies |
Report |
Equinet |
|
European |
08/10/20 |
Report with recommendations to the Commission on a framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies (2020/2012(INL)) |
Report |
Committee on Legal Affairs |
|
European |
20/10/20 |
European Parliament resolution with recommendations to the Commission on a civil liability regime for artificial intelligence (2020/2014(INL)) |
Resolution |
European Parliament |
|
European |
21/04/21 |
Fostering a European approach to Artificial Intelligence COM/2021/205 final |
Communication |
European Commission |
|
European |
21/04/21 |
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Laying Down Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and Amending Certain Union Legislative Acts |
Proposal for Regulation |
European Parliament and Commission |
|
European |
27/04/21 |
Motion for a European Parliament Resolution on shaping the digital future of Europe: removing barriers to the functioning of the digital single market and improving the use of AI for European consumers (2020/2216(INI)) |
Motion for a resolution |
Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection |
|
European |
20/05/21 |
European Parliament resolution on shaping the digital future of Europe: removing barriers to the functioning of the digital single market and improving the use of AI for European consumers (2020/2216(INI)) |
Resolution |
European Parliament |
|
National |
09/06/21 |
Carta Portuguesa de Direitos Humanos da Era Digital |
Law 27/2021 |
Portuguese National Assembly |
|
National |
30/07/21 |
Regime Jurídico da Segurança do Ciberespaço |
Decreto-Lei 65/2021 |
Portuguese National Assembly |
|
European |
06/10/21 |
European Parliament resolution on artificial intelligence in criminal law and its use by the police and judicial authorities in criminal matters (2020/2016(INI)) |
Resolution |
European Parliament |
|
International |
24/11/21 |
The Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence |
Recommendation |
UNESCO |
|
European |
26/01/22 |
European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the Digital Decade |
Declaration of Rights |
European Commission |
Chronology
Despite the existence of some mentions in the Report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL)), of 2017, at European level, the first official document on Artificial Intelligence was the Communication of the Commission Artificial Intelligence for Europe, COM/2018/237 final (strategy for AI), COM/2018/237, published on 04/25/2018. This Communication was followed, in the same year, by the release of the European Ethics European ethical Charter on the use of Artificial Intelligence in judicial systems and their environment, by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) and, a few days later, the publication of the Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence COM(2018) 795 final, on which, in 2019, the European Economic and Social Committee published its Opinion.
In April 2019, the High-Level Expert Group's Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI was published, and shortly thereafter, the Commission published the Communication Building Trust In Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence COM(2019) 168. Later this year, at the international level, the reports The age of digital interdependence, from the United Nations, and Artificial Intelligence in Society, by the OECD, were published.
In 2020, jointly with the Communication A European strategy for data COM(2020) 66 final, the Communication Shaping Europe's digital future (COM/2020) 67 final and the Communication An SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe COM/2020/103 final, the Commission published the Report on the safety and liability implications of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics COM/2020/64 final and the White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: a European approach to excellence and trust. In the following months, the European Network of National Equality Bodies (Equinet) published the report Regulating for an Equal AI: a New Role for Equality Bodies and the Legal Affairs Committee published its Report with recommendations to the Commission on a framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies (2020/2012(INL)). Finally, in October of this year, the European Parliament published the European Parliament resolution with recommendations to the Commission on a civil liability regime for artificial intelligence (2020/2014(INL)).
In 2021, at European level, were published the Resolution on shaping the digital future of Europe: removing barriers to the functioning of the digital single market and improving the use of AI for European consumers (2020/2216(INI)), the European Parliament resolution of 6 October 2021 on artificial intelligence in criminal law and its use by the police and judicial authorities in criminal matters (2020/2016(INI)) and, finally, the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Laying Down Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and Amending Certain Union Legislative Acts. This was also the year in which, in the Portuguese context, the Assembly of the Republic approved the Carta Portuguesa de Direitos Humanos na Era Digital (Lei 27/2021) and the Regime jurídico da Segurança do Ciberespaço (Decreto-Lei n.º 65/2021). Finally, at the international level, in November 2021 UNESCO published the document Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence.
At last, in January 2022, the European Parliament, the Council and the European Commission released the European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the Digital Decade.
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